[상식][경제] 인공지능이 대체하기 어려울 것으로 보이는 직업

인공지능이 대체할 직업들 / 인공지능과 직업 / 사라질 직업 /

인공지능이 대체하기 어려울 것으로 보이는 직업

정확히는 computerize 되기 어려울 것으로 보이는 직업이 맞다.
아래는 ref.1 의 부록(appendix) 의 테이블을 옮겨놨다.
1이 computerize 가 될 확률 100% 를 뜻한다.

이 논문에서 다음 3가지 작업은 컴퓨터로 처리하기 어려울 것이라 예상했다.

1. complex perception and manipulation tasks(복잡한 인식과 처리가 필요한 일)
2. creative intelligence tasks(창조적인 지능의 작업)
3. social intelligence tasks (사회적인 지능의 작업)

complex perception and manipulation tasks, creative intelligence tasks, and social intelligence tasks are unlikely to be substituted by computer capital over the next decade or two.

복잡한 인식과 처리가 필요한 일(p. 24)

구조화되지 않은 작업공간은 기계들이 작업하기 힘들다.

집이 좋은 예이다. 물체를 인식하고, 적절한 처리를 하기 힘들다.

창조적인 일(p. 25)

창조하는 하나의 방법은 익숙한 생각의 익숙하지 않은 조합이다. 이런 것들은 일부 컴퓨터로 구현이 되고, 문학, 그림, 음악 같은 일부 분야에서는 구현이 됐다. 이런 참신함을 만드는 것은 어렵지 않다.

가장 큰 장애물은 창조의 가치를 컴퓨터에 충분히 명확하게 전달하는 것이다. 그리고 사람들이 갖고 있는 그 가치들이 계속 변하고, 문화마다 다르다.

창조성의 정의를 보면 참신함과 함께 가치가 들어가는데 이 가치가 아주 변화가 심하다. 이 가치의 불일치로 인해 "창조성에 대한 많은 논쟁"이 따라온다.

그래서 우리가 이 창조성에 대한것을 프로그램할 수 있다 해도 결국 컴퓨터가 창조적이냐에 대한 문제에 대해 동의하지 않음이 생길 것이다.

사회적 지능이 필요한 일(p. 26)

현재는 사회적 반응을 일부 흉내내는 수준이다.

인간의 감정을 실시간으로 인식하는 것은 여전히 어렵다. 그리고 이 감정에 대해 현명하게 응답하는 것은 더 어렵다.

이런 사회적인 일에 대한 간단화된 버전이 채팅이라고 할 수 있는데, 채팅의 상대방이 사람인지 기계인지 인식하지 못하게 채팅프로그램을 만드는 것도 어렵다.

그러니 실제로 사람과 실질적으로 상호작용하는 것은 앞으로도 쉽지 않다.

Rank	Probability	Occupation
1.	0.0028	Recreational Therapists
2.	0.003	First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
3.	0.003	Emergency Management Directors
4.	0.0031	Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
5.	0.0033	Audiologists
6.	0.0035	Occupational Therapists
7.	0.0035	Orthotists and Prosthetists
8.	0.0035	Healthcare Social Workers
9.	0.0036	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
10.	0.0036	First-Line Supervisors of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers
11.	0.0039	Dietitians and Nutritionists
12.	0.0039	Lodging Managers
13.	0.004	Choreographers
14.	0.0041	Sales Engineers
15.	0.0042	Physicians and Surgeons
16.	0.0042	Instructional Coordinators
17.	0.0043	Psychologists, All Other
18.	0.0044	First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
19.	0.0044	Dentists, General
20.	0.0044	Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
21.	0.0045	Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
22.	0.0046	Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School
23.	0.0046	Podiatrists
24.	0.0047	Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists
25.	0.0048	Mental Health Counselors
26.	0.0049	Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers
27.	0.0055	Set and Exhibit Designers
28.	0.0055	Human Resources Managers
29.	0.0061	Recreation Workers
30.	0.0063	Training and Development Managers
31.	0.0064	Speech-Language Pathologists
32.	0.0065	Computer Systems Analysts
33.	0.0067	Social and Community Service Managers
34.	0.0068	Curators
35.	0.0071	Athletic Trainers
36.	0.0073	Medical and Health Services Managers
37.	0.0074	Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
38.	0.0075	Farm and Home Management Advisors
39.	0.0077	Anthropologists and Archeologists
40.	0.0077	Special Education Teachers, Secondary School
41.	0.0078	Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
42.	0.0081	Clergy
43.	0.0081	Foresters
44.	0.0085	Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors
45.	0.0088	Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School
46.	0.009	Registered Nurses
47.	0.0094	Rehabilitation Counselors
48.	0.0095	Teachers and Instructors, All Other
49.	0.0095	Forensic Science Technicians
50.	0.01	Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance
51.	0.01	Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
52.	0.01	Education Administrators, Postsecondary
53.	0.011	Mechanical Engineers
54.	0.012	Pharmacists
55.	0.012	Logisticians
56.	0.012	Microbiologists
57.	0.012	Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
58.	0.013	Coaches and Scouts
59.	0.013	Sales Managers
60.	0.014	Hydrologists
61.	0.014	Marketing Managers
62.	0.014	Marriage and Family Therapists
63.	0.014	Engineers, All Other
64.	0.014	Training and Development Specialists
65.	0.014	First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
66.	0.015	Biological Scientists, All Other
67.	0.015	Public Relations and Fundraising Managers
68.	0.015	Multimedia Artists and Animators
69.	0.015	Computer and Information Research Scientists
70.	0.015	Chief Executives
71.	0.015	Education Administrators, Preschool and Childcare Center/Program
72.	0.015	Music Directors and Composers
73.	0.016	First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers
74.	0.016	Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents
75.	0.016	Conservation Scientists
76.	0.016	Special Education Teachers, Middle School
77.	0.017	Chemical Engineers
78.	0.017	Architectural and Engineering Managers
79.	0.017	Aerospace Engineers
80.	0.018	Natural Sciences Managers
81.	0.018	Environmental Engineers
82.	0.018	Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
83.	0.018	Physical Therapist Assistants
84.	0.019	Civil Engineers
85.	0.02	Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other
86.	0.021	Soil and Plant Scientists
87.	0.021	Materials Scientists
88.	0.021	Materials Engineers
89.	0.021	Fashion Designers
90.	0.021	Physical Therapists
91.	0.021	Photographers
92.	0.022	Producers and Directors
93.	0.022	Interior Designers
94.	0.023	Orthodontists
95.	0.023	Art Directors
96.	0.025	First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers
97.	0.025	Directors, Religious Activities and Education
98.	0.025	Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
99.	0.027	Biochemists and Biophysicists
100.	0.027	Chiropractors

Rank	Probability	Occupation
101.	0.028	Occupational Therapy Assistants
102.	0.028	Child, Family, and School Social Workers
103.	0.028	Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
104.	0.029	Industrial Engineers
105.	0.029	First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators
106.	0.029	Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
107.	0.03	Industrial Production Managers
108.	0.03	Industrial Engineering Technicians
109.	0.03	Network and Computer Systems Administrators
110.	0.03	Database Administrators
111.	0.03	Purchasing Managers
112.	0.032	Postsecondary Teachers
113.	0.033	Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
114.	0.033	Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
115.	0.035	Lawyers
116.	0.035	Craft Artists
117.	0.035	Operations Research Analysts
118.	0.035	Computer and Information Systems Managers
119.	0.037	Commercial and Industrial Designers
120.	0.037	Biomedical Engineers
121.	0.037	Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners
122.	0.038	Veterinarians
123.	0.038	Writers and Authors
124.	0.039	Advertising and Promotions Managers
125.	0.039	Political Scientists
126.	0.04	Credit Counselors
127.	0.04	Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
128.	0.041	Astronomers
129.	0.041	Ship Engineers
130.	0.042	Software Developers, Applications
131.	0.042	Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
132.	0.043	Psychiatric Technicians
133.	0.045	Landscape Architects
134.	0.045	Health Educators
135.	0.047	Mathematicians
136.	0.047	Floral Designers
137.	0.047	Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers
138.	0.048	Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists
139.	0.049	Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
140.	0.055	Editors
141.	0.055	Prosthodontists
142.	0.055	Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other
143.	0.057	Travel Guides
144.	0.058	Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
145.	0.059	Sociologists
146.	0.06	Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators
147.	0.061	Animal Scientists
148.	0.064	Residential Advisors
149.	0.066	Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors
150.	0.066	Respiratory Therapists
151.	0.067	Broadcast News Analysts
152.	0.069	Financial Managers
153.	0.07	Nuclear Engineers
154.	0.071	Construction Managers
155.	0.074	Musicians and Singers
156.	0.075	First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers
157.	0.076	First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers
158.	0.077	Food Scientists and Technologists
159.	0.08	Compliance Officers
160.	0.08	Fish and Game Wardens
161.	0.082	Graphic Designers
162.	0.083	Food Service Managers
163.	0.084	Childcare Workers
164.	0.085	Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors
165.	0.091	Gaming Managers
166.	0.097	Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
167.	0.098	Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers
168.	0.099	Travel Agents
169.	0.1	Chefs and Head Cooks
170.	0.1	Animal Trainers
171.	0.1	Radio and Television Announcers
172.	0.1	Electrical Engineers
173.	0.1	Chemists
174.	0.1	Respiratory Therapy Technicians
175.	0.1	Physicists
176.	0.11	Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists
177.	0.11	Reporters and Correspondents
178.	0.11	Air Traffic Controllers
179.	0.13	Dancers
180.	0.13	Nuclear Medicine Technologists
181.	0.13	Software Developers, Systems Software
182.	0.13	Management Analysts
183.	0.13	Dietetic Technicians
184.	0.13	Urban and Regional Planners
185.	0.13	Social and Human Service Assistants
186.	0.13	Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
187.	0.13	Sound Engineering Technicians
188.	0.14	Optometrists
189.	0.14	Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
190.	0.14	Physician Assistants
191.	0.15	Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
192.	0.15	Electricians
193.	0.16	Petroleum Engineers
194.	0.16	Desktop Publishers
195.	0.16	General and Operations Managers
196.	0.17	Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
197.	0.17	Firefighters
198.	0.17	Financial Examiners
199.	0.17	First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
200.	0.17	Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education

Rank	Probability	Occupation
201.	0.18	Public Relations Specialists
202.	0.18	Commercial Divers
203.	0.18	Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers
204.	0.18	Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers
205.	0.19	Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors
206.	0.2	Epidemiologists
207.	0.2	Funeral Service Managers, Directors, Morticians, and Undertakers
208.	0.21	Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects
209.	0.21	Actuaries
210.	0.21	Animal Control Workers
211.	0.21	Concierges
212.	0.22	Computer Occupations, All Other
213.	0.22	Statisticians
214.	0.22	Computer Hardware Engineers
215.	0.23	Survey Researchers
216.	0.23	Business Operations Specialists, All Other
217.	0.23	Financial Analysts
218.	0.23	Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
219.	0.23	Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
220.	0.24	Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes
221.	0.24	Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other
222.	0.25	Geographers
223.	0.25	Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
224.	0.25	Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
225.	0.25	Environmental Engineering Technicians
226.	0.25	Managers, All Other
227.	0.25	Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians
228.	0.25	Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
229.	0.26	Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School
230.	0.27	Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels
231.	0.27	Occupational Therapy Aides
232.	0.27	Medical Equipment Repairers
233.	0.28	First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
234.	0.28	Athletes and Sports Competitors
235.	0.28	Gaming Supervisors
236.	0.29	Skincare Specialists
237.	0.29	Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products
238.	0.3	Biological Technicians
239.	0.3	Medical Assistants
240.	0.3	Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
241.	0.3	Cooks, Private Household
242.	0.31	Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other
243.	0.31	Private Detectives and Investigators
244.	0.31	Film and Video Editors
245.	0.33	Financial Specialists, All Other
246.	0.34	Detectives and Criminal Investigators
247.	0.34	Surgical Technologists
248.	0.34	Radiation Therapists
249.	0.35	Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
250.	0.35	Flight Attendants
251.	0.35	Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
252.	0.36	Bailiffs
253.	0.36	Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal and Plastic
254.	0.36	Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers
255.	0.37	Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders
256.	0.37	Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment
257.	0.37	Funeral Attendants
258.	0.37	Helpers–Extraction Workers
259.	0.37	Actors
260.	0.37	Mine Shuttle Car Operators
261.	0.38	Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay
262.	0.38	Surveyors
263.	0.38	Mechanical Engineering Technicians
264.	0.38	Packers and Packagers, Hand
265.	0.38	Interpreters and Translators
266.	0.39	Home Health Aides
267.	0.39	Upholsterers
268.	0.39	Elevator Installers and Repairers
269.	0.39	Gaming Cage Workers
270.	0.39	Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists
271.	0.4	Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
272.	0.4	Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
273.	0.4	Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other
274.	0.41	Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products
275.	0.41	Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters
276.	0.41	Judicial Law Clerks
277.	0.41	Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment
278.	0.42	Forest and Conservation Technicians
279.	0.42	First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand
280.	0.43	Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants
281.	0.43	Physical Scientists, All Other
282.	0.43	Economists
283.	0.44	Historians
284.	0.45	Medical Appliance Technicians
285.	0.46	Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
286.	0.47	Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
287.	0.47	Psychiatric Aides
288.	0.47	Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
289.	0.48	Fire Inspectors and Investigators
290.	0.48	Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians
291.	0.48	Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers
292.	0.48	Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
293.	0.48	Computer Programmers
294.	0.49	Crossing Guards
295.	0.49	Agricultural Engineers
296.	0.49	Roof Bolters, Mining
297.	0.49	Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers
298.	0.49	Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers
299.	0.5	Loading Machine Operators, Underground Mining
300.	0.5	Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other

Rank	Probability	Occupation
301.	0.5	Court Reporters
302.	0.51	Demonstrators and Product Promoters
303.	0.51	Dental Assistants
304.	0.52	Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers
305.	0.52	Architectural and Civil Drafters
306.	0.53	Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas
307.	0.53	Hazardous Materials Removal Workers
308.	0.54	Embalmers
309.	0.54	Continuous Mining Machine Operators
310.	0.54	Slot Supervisors
311.	0.54	Massage Therapists
312.	0.54	Advertising Sales Agents
313.	0.55	Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers
314.	0.55	Commercial Pilots
315.	0.55	Customer Service Representatives
316.	0.55	Audio and Video Equipment Technicians
317.	0.56	Teacher Assistants
318.	0.57	First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers
319.	0.57	Chemical Technicians
320.	0.57	Helpers–Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
321.	0.57	Cost Estimators
322.	0.57	Transit and Railroad Police
323.	0.57	First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers
324.	0.58	Personal Financial Advisors
325.	0.59	Millwrights
326.	0.59	Museum Technicians and Conservators
327.	0.59	Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators
328.	0.59	Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
329.	0.59	Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians
330.	0.59	Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics
331.	0.6	Correctional Officers and Jailers
332.	0.6	Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture
333.	0.6	Slaughterers and Meat Packers
334.	0.61	Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles
335.	0.61	Physical Therapist Aides
336.	0.61	Costume Attendants
337.	0.61	Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
338.	0.61	Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks
339.	0.61	Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators
340.	0.61	Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other
341.	0.61	Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders
342.	0.61	Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
343.	0.62	Motorboat Operators
344.	0.62	Tapers
345.	0.62	Pipelayers
346.	0.63	Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
347.	0.63	Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door
348.	0.63	Healthcare Support Workers, All Other
349.	0.63	First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers
350.	0.63	Construction and Building Inspectors
351.	0.64	Cutters and Trimmers, Hand
352.	0.64	Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
353.	0.64	Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
354.	0.64	Stock Clerks and Order Fillers
355.	0.64	Power Distributors and Dispatchers
356.	0.64	Insulation Workers, Mechanical
357.	0.65	Social Science Research Assistants
358.	0.65	Machinists
359.	0.65	Computer Support Specialists
360.	0.65	Librarians
361.	0.65	Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers
362.	0.65	Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
363.	0.65	Hoist and Winch Operators
364.	0.66	Pest Control Workers
365.	0.66	Helpers–Production Workers
366.	0.66	Statistical Assistants
367.	0.66	Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
368.	0.66	Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians
369.	0.67	Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
370.	0.67	Foundry Mold and Coremakers
371.	0.67	Atmospheric and Space Scientists
372.	0.67	Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity
373.	0.67	Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers
374.	0.67	Industrial Machinery Mechanics
375.	0.68	Postal Service Mail Carriers
376.	0.68	Roustabouts, Oil and Gas
377.	0.68	Boilermakers
378.	0.68	Mechanical Drafters
379.	0.68	Dental Hygienists
380.	0.69	Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers
381.	0.69	Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
382.	0.69	Painters, Transportation Equipment
383.	0.7	Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
384.	0.7	Tire Repairers and Changers
385.	0.7	Food Batchmakers
386.	0.7	Avionics Technicians
387.	0.71	Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians
388.	0.71	Airfield Operations Specialists
389.	0.71	Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers
390.	0.71	Construction and Related Workers, All Other
391.	0.71	Opticians, Dispensing
392.	0.71	Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers
393.	0.72	Amusement and Recreation Attendants
394.	0.72	Pharmacy Aides
395.	0.72	Helpers–Roofers
396.	0.72	Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders
397.	0.72	Home Appliance Repairers
398.	0.72	Carpenters
399.	0.72	Public Address System and Other Announcers
400.	0.73	Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Rank	Probability	Occupation
401.	0.73	Administrative Services Managers
402.	0.73	Glaziers
403.	0.73	Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers
404.	0.73	Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists
405.	0.74	Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers
406.	0.74	Personal Care Aides
407.	0.74	Broadcast Technicians
408.	0.74	Helpers–Electricians
409.	0.75	Postmasters and Mail Superintendents
410.	0.75	Tile and Marble Setters
411.	0.75	Painters, Construction and Maintenance
412.	0.75	Transportation Attendants, Except Flight Attendants
413.	0.75	Civil Engineering Technicians
414.	0.75	Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
415.	0.76	Archivists
416.	0.76	Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders
417.	0.76	Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers
418.	0.76	Fallers
419.	0.77	Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health
420.	0.77	Locksmiths and Safe Repairers
421.	0.77	Tree Trimmers and Pruners
422.	0.77	Bartenders
423.	0.77	Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products
424.	0.77	Dishwashers
425.	0.77	Hunters and Trappers
426.	0.78	Medical Equipment Preparers
427.	0.78	Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
428.	0.78	Computer Operators
429.	0.78	Gas Plant Operators
430.	0.79	Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators
431.	0.79	Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
432.	0.79	Shampooers
433.	0.79	Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers
434.	0.79	Helpers–Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers
435.	0.79	Motorcycle Mechanics
436.	0.79	Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers
437.	0.79	Logging Equipment Operators
438.	0.79	Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles
439.	0.8	Barbers
440.	0.8	Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas
441.	0.81	Cooks, Fast Food
442.	0.81	Word Processors and Typists
443.	0.81	Electrical and Electronics Drafters
444.	0.81	Electro-Mechanical Technicians
445.	0.81	Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders
446.	0.81	Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
447.	0.81	Medical Secretaries
448.	0.81	Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials
449.	0.82	Engine and Other Machine Assemblers
450.	0.82	Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers
451.	0.82	Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons
452.	0.82	Nonfarm Animal Caretakers
453.	0.82	Sheet Metal Workers
454.	0.82	Pile-Driver Operators
455.	0.82	Brickmasons and Blockmasons
456.	0.83	Fishers and Related Fishing Workers
457.	0.83	Structural Iron and Steel Workers
458.	0.83	Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators
459.	0.83	Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters
460.	0.83	Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria
461.	0.83	Sailors and Marine Oilers
462.	0.83	Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
463.	0.83	Helpers–Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
464.	0.83	Segmental Pavers
465.	0.83	Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
466.	0.83	Printing Press Operators
467.	0.83	Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants
468.	0.83	Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners
469.	0.83	Baggage Porters and Bellhops
470.	0.83	Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers
471.	0.83	Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
472.	0.83	Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators
473.	0.84	Tool and Die Makers
474.	0.84	Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians
475.	0.84	Plasterers and Stucco Masons
476.	0.84	Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic
477.	0.84	Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
478.	0.84	Security Guards
479.	0.84	Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers
480.	0.84	Wellhead Pumpers
481.	0.84	Proofreaders and Copy Markers
482.	0.84	Parking Enforcement Workers
483.	0.85	Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
484.	0.85	Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products
485.	0.85	Meter Readers, Utilities
486.	0.85	Power Plant Operators
487.	0.85	Chemical Plant and System Operators
488.	0.85	Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas
489.	0.85	Nuclear Technicians
490.	0.86	Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
491.	0.86	Plant and System Operators, All Other
492.	0.86	Food Servers, Nonrestaurant
493.	0.86	Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood
494.	0.86	Subway and Streetcar Operators
495.	0.86	Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
496.	0.86	Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
497.	0.86	Real Estate Sales Agents
498.	0.86	Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic
499.	0.86	Maintenance Workers, Machinery
500.	0.86	Correspondence Clerks

Rank	Probability	Occupation
501.	0.87	Miscellaneous Agricultural Workers
502.	0.87	Forest and Conservation Workers
503.	0.87	Pourers and Casters, Metal
504.	0.87	Carpet Installers
505.	0.87	Paperhangers
506.	0.87	Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products
507.	0.87	Furniture Finishers
508.	0.87	Food Preparation Workers
509.	0.87	Floor Sanders and Finishers
510.	0.87	Parking Lot Attendants
511.	0.87	Highway Maintenance Workers
512.	0.88	Construction Laborers
513.	0.88	Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks
514.	0.88	Semiconductor Processors
515.	0.88	Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
516.	0.88	Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders
517.	0.88	Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
518.	0.88	Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers
519.	0.88	Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
520.	0.88	Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners
521.	0.88	Rail Car Repairers
522.	0.89	Bakers
523.	0.89	Medical Transcriptionists
524.	0.89	Stonemasons
525.	0.89	Bus Drivers, School or Special Client
526.	0.89	Technical Writers
527.	0.89	Riggers
528.	0.89	Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators
529.	0.89	Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators
530.	0.89	Sewing Machine Operators
531.	0.89	Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs
532.	0.9	Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
533.	0.9	Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists
534.	0.9	Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
535.	0.9	Roofers
536.	0.9	Crane and Tower Operators
537.	0.9	Traffic Technicians
538.	0.9	Transportation Inspectors
539.	0.9	Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic
540.	0.9	Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic
541.	0.9	Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate
542.	0.9	Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers
543.	0.9	Signal and Track Switch Repairers
544.	0.91	Gaming and Sports Book Writers and Runners
545.	0.91	Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners
546.	0.91	Tour Guides and Escorts
547.	0.91	Mechanical Door Repairers
548.	0.91	Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders
549.	0.91	Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators
550.	0.91	Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
551.	0.91	Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
552.	0.91	Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
553.	0.91	Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers
554.	0.91	Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment
555.	0.91	Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers
556.	0.91	Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
557.	0.91	Geological and Petroleum Technicians
558.	0.91	Automotive Body and Related Repairers
559.	0.91	Patternmakers, Wood
560.	0.91	Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
561.	0.92	Office Machine Operators, Except Computer
562.	0.92	Pharmacy Technicians
563.	0.92	Loan Interviewers and Clerks
564.	0.92	Dredge Operators
565.	0.92	Insurance Sales Agents
566.	0.92	Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
567.	0.92	Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers
568.	0.92	Fence Erectors
569.	0.92	Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
570.	0.92	Retail Salespersons
571.	0.92	Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food
572.	0.92	Production Workers, All Other
573.	0.92	Helpers–Carpenters
574.	0.93	Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders
575.	0.93	Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators
576.	0.93	Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, and Mining
577.	0.93	Conveyor Operators and Tenders
578.	0.93	Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics
579.	0.93	Locomotive Firers
580.	0.93	Machine Feeders and Offbearers
581.	0.93	Model Makers, Metal and Plastic
582.	0.93	Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairs
583.	0.93	Butchers and Meat Cutters
584.	0.93	Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
585.	0.93	Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors
586.	0.93 Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents
587.	0.93	Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
588.	0.93	Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators
589.	0.94	Accountants and Auditors
590.	0.94	Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
591.	0.94	Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service
592.	0.94	Waiters and Waitresses
593.	0.94	Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
594.	0.94	Budget Analysts
595.	0.94	Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
596.	0.94	Bicycle Repairers
597.	0.94	Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers
598.	0.94	Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers
599.	0.94	Couriers and Messengers
600.	0.94	Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan

Rank	Probability	Occupation
601.	0.94	Cooks, Short Order
602.	0.94	Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators
603.	0.94	Helpers–Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons
604.	0.94	Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks
605.	0.94	Tire Builders
606.	0.94	Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers
607.	0.94	First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
608.	0.94	Agricultural Inspectors
609.	0.94	Paralegals and Legal Assistants
610.	0.95	Manicurists and Pedicurists
611.	0.95	Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping
612.	0.95	Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
613.	0.95	Bill and Account Collectors
614.	0.95	Nuclear Power Reactor Operators
615.	0.95	Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators
616.	0.95	Library Assistants, Clerical
617.	0.95	Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
618.	0.95	Print Binding and Finishing Workers
619.	0.95	Animal Breeders
620.	0.95	Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
621.	0.95	Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers
622.	0.95	Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders
623.	0.95	Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
624.	0.95	Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
625.	0.95	Postal Service Clerks
626.	0.95	Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers
627.	0.96	Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance
628.	0.96	Receptionists and Information Clerks
629.	0.96	Office Clerks, General
630.	0.96	Compensation and Benefits Managers
631.	0.96	Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
632.	0.96	Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop
633.	0.96	Rock Splitters, Quarry
634.	0.96	Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
635.	0.96	Surveying and Mapping Technicians
636.	0.96	Model Makers, Wood
637.	0.96	Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
638.	0.96	Locomotive Engineers
639.	0.96	Gaming Dealers
640.	0.96	Fabric Menders, Except Garment
641.	0.96	Cooks, Restaurant
642.	0.96	Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers
643.	0.96	Billing and Posting Clerks
644.	0.97	Bridge and Lock Tenders
645.	0.97	Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing
646.	0.97	Team Assemblers
647.	0.97	Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders
648.	0.97	Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers
649.	0.97	Farm Labor Contractors
650.	0.97	Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders
651.	0.97	Dental Laboratory Technicians
652.	0.97	Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
653.	0.97	Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand
654.	0.97	Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation
655.	0.97	Log Graders and Scalers
656.	0.97	Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians
657.	0.97	Cashiers
658.	0.97	Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers
659.	0.97	Motion Picture Projectionists
660.	0.97	Prepress Technicians and Workers
661.	0.97	Counter and Rental Clerks
662.	0.97	File Clerks
663.	0.97	Real Estate Brokers
664.	0.97	Telephone Operators
665.	0.97	Agricultural and Food Science Technicians
666.	0.97	Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
667.	0.97	Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks
668.	0.97	Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop
669.	0.98	Models
670.	0.98	Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers
671.	0.98	Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
672.	0.98	Legal Secretaries
673.	0.98	Radio Operators
674.	0.98	Driver/Sales Workers
675.	0.98	Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators
676.	0.98	Parts Salespersons
677.	0.98	Credit Analysts
678.	0.98	Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
679.	0.98	Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks
680.	0.98	Procurement Clerks
681.	0.98	Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders
682.	0.98	Etchers and Engravers
683.	0.98	Tellers
684.	0.98	Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials
685.	0.98	Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage
686.	0.98	Loan Officers
687.	0.98	Order Clerks
688.	0.98	Brokerage Clerks
689.	0.98	Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks
690.	0.98	Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters
691.	0.99	Data Entry Keyers
692.	0.99	Library Technicians
693.	0.99	New Accounts Clerks
694.	0.99	Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators
695.	0.99	Tax Preparers
696.	0.99	Cargo and Freight Agents
697.	0.99	Watch Repairers
698.	0.99	Insurance Underwriters
699.	0.99	Mathematical Technicians
700.	0.99	Sewers, Hand

Rank	Probability	Occupation
701.	0.99	Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers

References
영국  옥스포드대 마틴 스쿨의 칼 프레이 박사 팀의 논문 "The Future of Employment" > p.57-p.72